La desconfianza interreligiosa y la reconciliación en los Balcanes Occidentales: la República de Macedonia como estudio de caso
Palabras clave:
Balcanes, República de Macedonia, diálogo interreligioso, reconciliación, desconfianzaResumen
En los Balcanes Occidentales, sobre todo en el área que una vez formó Yugoslavia, los procesos de construcción de paz y mediación, reconciliación y recuperación siguen siendo temas de actualidad cuando se presta atención a las relaciones interétnicas e interreligiosas. La República de Macedonia es un excelente ejemplo de sociedad multicultural "a la balcánica". Es decir, el multiculturalismo, la multietnicidad y el multiconfesionalismo siguen siendo los retos más relevantes para el desarrollo de la sociedad y están ampliamente instrumentalizados, por ejemplo, con fines políticos. Este artículo analiza la situación actual en la República de Macedonia, particularmente desde un punto de vista interreligioso y reflexiona sobre cómo las iniciativas de diálogo interreligioso podrían contribuir a la transformación de la sociedad macedonia en una entidad más armoniosa y estable.
Citas
Bougarel, Xavier & Clayer, Nathalie (2001), "Introduction", Le Nouvel Islam balkanique. Les musulmans, acteurs du post-communisme 1990–2000 (sous la dir. X. Bougarel et N. Clayer), Paris: Maisonneuve&Larose, 11–75.
Brunnbauer, Ulf (2002), "Implementation of the Ohrid Agreement: Ethnic Macedonian Resentments", Journal of Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, University of Gratz: Center for the Study of Balkan Societies and Cultures (CSBSC); Flensburg: European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI), (disponible en: http://www.ecmi.de/jemie/download/Focus1- 2002Brunnbauer.pdf).
Clapp, Alexander (2016), "The Most Paranoid Country in Europe", National Interest magazine, (disponible en: http://nationalinterest.org/feature/the-most- paranoid-country-europe-17305).
Elbasani, Arolda (2015), "Introduction: Nation, State and Faith in the Post- Communist Era", en "The Revival of Islam in the Balkans. From Identity to Religiosity" (eds. O. Roy y A. Elbasani), UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 1–20.
Karpman, Steven B. (2015), "The Karpman Drama Triangle", (disponible en: https://www.karpmandramatriangle.com/).
Krogerus, Mikael y Tschäppler, Roman (2011), The Decision Book. Fifty Models for Strategic Thinking, London: Profile Books.
Krstić, Nikola (2016), "Balkan model of authoritarianism: 6 similarities between the regimes in Macedonia and Serbia", European Western Balkans portal, (disponible en: https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2016/04/21/balkan-model-of- authoritarianism-6-similarities-between-the-political-regimes-in-macedonia-and- serbia/).
Merdjanova, Ina & Brodeur, Patrick (2009), Religion as a Conversation Starter. Interreligious Dialogue for Peacebuilding in the Balkans, London–New York: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Merdjanova, Ina (2016), "Overhauling Interreligious Dialogue for Peacebuilding", Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 36: Iss. 1, article 3.
Musai, Semra (2016), "Macedonia’s Dreams Unrealised 25 Years after Independence", Balkan Insight portal, (2016), (disponible en: http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/macedonia-s-dreams-unrealised-25-years- after-independence-09-08-2016).
Ragaru, Nadège (2008), "The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:between Ohrid and Brussels, Is there an Albanian question?" (ed. J. Batt), Chaillot Paper, No 107.
Repo, Nora (2015), "Jännitteet Makedonian tasavallassa heijastuvat koko Balkanille’ (transl. Tensions in the Republic of Macedonia reflect on the whole Balkan area) for the Finnish analytical political Politiikasta.fi portal, (disponible en: http://www.politiikasta.fi/artikkeli/j%C3%A4nnitteet-makedonian-tasavallassa- heijastuvat-koko-balkanille/).
Repo, Nora (2016), "Uskontodialogi on yhä yhteiselon ja sovinnonteon ytimessä Länsi-Balkanilla" (transl. Interreligious dialogue is still in the core of cohabitation and reconciliation in the Western Balkans), Lukemista Levantista magazine of the Finnish Institute in the Middle East, (disponible en: http://www.fime.fi/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Lukemista-Levantista-3-2016.pdf).
Repo, Nora (2012), An Islamic Mosaic - Women's Identities in Transition: Albanian Muslim Women in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, PhD thesis, Åbo: Åbo Akademi University Press.
Rieff, David (2006), "The cult of memory, when history does more harm than good", The Guardian, (disponible en: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2016/mar/02/cult-of-memory-when- history-does-more-harm-than-good).
Šavija-Valha, Nebojša y Šahić, Elvir (2015) "Building Trans-Ethnic Space", Sarajevo: Nansen Dialogue Center, (disponible en: http://www.nansen- dialogue.net/images/NSV_ES_Building_Trans-ethnic_Space.pdf).
Taleski, Dane y Pollozhani, Lura (2016), "How to create ethnic cohesion in Macedonia", Balkan Insight, (disponible en: http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/how-to-create-ethnic-cohesion-in- macedonia-07-14-2016).
Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index 2015, (disponible en: http://www.transparency.org/cpi2015)
U.S. Department of State (2015), "International Religious Freedom Report: Macedonia", (disponible en:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2015&dlid=256 215).
