El concepto de servicios de ecosistemas como herramienta para el desarrollo regional sostenible y equitativo de los Balcanes
Palabras clave:
Biodiversidad, desarrollo regional, desarrollo sostenible, áreas naturales, recursos naturales, ecosistemas, servicios ecosistémicosResumen
Al estar situada en el cruce entre Europa central y Asia Menor, la península de los Balcanes tiene altos valores de biodiversidad y alberga muchas especies y taxones. Tiene la mayor riqueza de flora y fauna en Europa y un número excepcional de especies endémicas y relictas. La biodiversidad en los Balcanes está bajo presión por una variedad de amenazas ambientales, tanto históricas como contemporáneas, así como por las tendencias futuras. La biodiversidad en los Balcanes está amenazada por las presiones y la contaminación del aire, el agua y el suelo, así como por la tala ilegal, la pesca excesiva, la caza furtiva y los efectos del cambio climático. Además, los paisajes se enfrentan a la fragmentación causada por una gama de actividades humanas como la industria, la agricultura, la producción de energía, la infraestructura y el transporte, etc. Al mismo tiempo, la sociedad aumenta su demanda de recursos naturales. En general, existe una falta de adopción y aplicación adecuadas de políticas, regulaciones y estándares ambientales intersectoriales. La aplicación de la legislación ambiental es deficiente y el marco institucional y normativo, así como la armonización con las políticas y normas internacionales y de la UE, siguen siendo insuficientes, tanto en los Estados miembros de la UE como fuera de la UE en los Balcanes. Los esfuerzos de conservación han tenido éxito en cierta medida, pero en general, la biodiversidad está bajo amenaza en los Balcanes. Lo que agrava aún más la situación es una falta general de conciencia y apreciación en todos los niveles de gobierno, así como dentro de la población en general, de los valores de la biodiversidad para la sociedad. Lo que se necesita es un enfoque que garantice un desarrollo regional sostenible y equitativo a la vez que se garantiza la preservación y la conservación de la biodiversidad. El concepto de servicios ecosistémicos es un enfoque que podría tener un papel relevante en el uso sostenible de la región y n la gestión de zonas naturales y recursos naturales.
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