Doprinos ekonomske teorije u sagledavanju stranih ulaganja u Srbiji
Ključne reči:
strane direktne investicije, OLI paradigma, Srbija JEL F21, F23Apstrakt
Uloga stranih investicija u okviru procesa ekonomskog razvoja jedan je od tradicionalnih aspekata međunarodne ekonomije koji izaziva polemiku (Mencinger, 2003). Privrede u tranziciji nisu bile imune na ovu diskusiju. Nakon pada komunizma, veći deo zemalja centralne i istočne Evrope poverio je stranom kapitalu ključnu ulogu u ekonomskoj modernizaciji, što je u kombinaciji sa liberalnijom politikom dovelo do perioda brzog rasta. U Srbiji, u kojoj je privlačenje stranog kapitala predstavljalo glavnu polugu ekonomske politike tokom cele jedne decenije, pitanje o pokretačkoj ulozi stranih investicija je još uvek aktuelno (Reuters, 2013; Tanjug, 2014). Stručni krugovi u poslednje vreme dovode u pitanje efikasnost ove politike, koja je, s obzirom na oskudnost stranog kapitala u odnosu na ekonomije zemalja u regionu, dala skromne rezultate. Ove kritike se zasnivaju na ograničenom efektu novih stranih investicija na kratkoročne performanse ekonomije, i na privatizacijama koje zahtevaju veliku promenu u broju zaposlenih radnika (Reuters, 2014). Ovaj članak razmatra argumente o karakteru stranih investicija u Srbiji kroz prizmu dve komplementarne teorije: teorije traženja rente i eklektičke paradigme investicija.
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